Which officers have limited subject matter jurisdiction?

Highway Patrol Officers operate primarily under the jurisdiction of the state in which they are employed. Their scope of authority is typically limited to enforcing laws on highways and interstates, which bestows upon them limited subject matter jurisdiction compared to other types of law enforcement officers who may have broader responsibilities.

Local police officers generally have jurisdiction within their municipal limits and can enforce various local, state, and sometimes federal laws. Federal agents, on the other hand, operate under federal jurisdiction and have the authority to enforce federal laws alongside sharing certain responsibilities with local and state officers depending on specific situations. The term "all law enforcement officers" implies that they all have full jurisdiction over their respective areas, which is not the case for Highway Patrol Officers, as their authority is more narrowly defined.

Thus, the nature of Highway Patrol Officers' roles and their focus on particular roadways and traffic laws contribute to their limited subject matter jurisdiction compared to many other law enforcement roles.