Which amendment preserves the right to a trial by jury in civil cases?

The Seventh Amendment is the correct choice because it specifically guarantees the right to a trial by jury in civil cases where the value in controversy exceeds twenty dollars. This amendment is rooted in the English common law tradition and is intended to ensure that the rights of individuals in civil disputes are protected by a jury of their peers, rather than being decided solely by a judge. The inclusion of this right in the Bill of Rights underscores the importance of a jury as a fundamental safeguard against potential government overreach in civil matters.

In contrast, the other amendments listed pertain to different rights and protections. The Eighth Amendment addresses issues related to excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishments, while the Ninth Amendment assures that the enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution does not mean that other rights not mentioned are not also protected. The Tenth Amendment emphasizes the powers that are reserved to the states and the people, but it does not establish rights related to civil trials. Thus, the Seventh Amendment stands out as the specific protector of the right to a jury trial in civil cases.