What document charges an individual with a criminal offense?

The document that charges an individual with a criminal offense is an arrest warrant. An arrest warrant is issued by a judge or magistrate and authorizes law enforcement to take a person into custody based on probable cause that the individual has committed a crime. This legal document formally outlines the charges and provides the basis for the arrest, ensuring that the individual's Fourth Amendment rights are upheld.

In contrast, a criminal summons is used to notify an individual that they need to appear in court for a minor offense without the necessity of an arrest. A traffic citation typically addresses violations of traffic laws and usually does not constitute a criminal charge but rather a notice to appear for adjudication. A magistrate's order does not charge someone with a crime but may direct certain actions regarding a case after the charges have already been established. Thus, the most appropriate answer regarding the document that charges an individual with a criminal offense is indeed the arrest warrant.